Pregnancy does not automatically damage your teeth. The old wives’ tale that warns a woman to expect a lost tooth for every baby is false. If the mother’s intake of calcium is inadequate during pregnancy, her bones – not her teeth – will provide the calcium her growing baby needs. This calcium loss is quickly made up after breastfeeding is stopped.
不过，对于某些些妇女，怀孕可导致牙科问题，包括牙周病和蛀牙的风险增加。在家里正确的口腔卫生清洁和专业人员的帮助将确保你的牙齿在整个孕期的健康。牙周疾病是一种牙龈的慢性感染，可能引发早产。
研究发现孕妇的牙龈疾病和早产儿合并有低出生体重之间有联系。早产婴儿可能的风险范围包括脑瘫和视力和听力问题的健康状况。
估计数字显示，大约18%早产可能由牙周疾病引起，（牙周疾病是一种牙龈的慢性感染。）根据一项研究，得到适当的牙科治疗的准妈妈能减少超过80％的早产风险。
Your dental health can affect your baby
Research has found a link between gum disease in pregnant women and premature birth with low birth weight. Babies who are born prematurely may risk a range of health conditions including cerebral palsy and problems with eyesight and hearing.
Estimates suggest that about 18 out of every 100 premature births may be triggered by periodontal disease, which is a chronic infection of the gums. Appropriate dental treatment for the expectant mother can reduce the risk of premature birth by more than 80 per cent, according to one study.
怀孕前的牙齿健康
如果你已经有了良好的口腔卫生习惯，那么你不太可能在怀孕期间有牙科问题。建议包括：
1。每天两次刷牙，使用含氟牙膏。（最少2-3分钟）
2。使用牙线。（注明一下：对于某些人可能需要牙间刷，具体请咨询你的牙医）
3。定期看牙医检查牙齿
如果你计划怀孕，请告诉你的牙医。 这样，在怀孕前，会更方便去做选择性的治疗（或者一些治疗会用到X光）。 例如，新的银汞合金补牙或者等到怀孕头三个月过后再补牙。（补充一下，现在澳洲越来越多的牙科诊所包括我们Auburn Dental已经不用银汞合金了，因为新的材料更好，也减少各种安全或环境的担心。大家如果不确定的话可以问一下的牙医用什么材料给你补牙。）
Pre-pregnancy dental health
You are less likely to have dental problems during pregnancy if you already have good oral hygiene habits. Suggestions include:
- Brush your teeth at least twice daily with fluoridated toothpaste.
- Floss between your teeth.
- Visit your dentist regularly.
If you are planning on getting pregnant, see your dentist. It may be more convenient to have elective procedures (or procedures that involve the use of x-rays) done before you conceive. For example, new dental amalgam fillings or the replacement of old fillings may need to wait until after the first trimester.
如果你怀孕了，告诉你的牙医。怀孕会影响你的牙齿护理。例如，牙医可能会推迟X光的运用。如果牙科X射线是不可避免，牙医可以采取额外的预防措施，以确保宝宝的安全。如果您的牙齿状况需要全身麻醉或药物，那要质询你的产科医生的意见。（补充：澳洲牙科协会也有关于药物对胎儿影响的信息给到我们牙医。）
在怀孕期间的牙齿健康问题的常见原因包括：
牙龈问题
呕吐
很想吃甜食
干呕而刷牙。
牙龈问题
与怀孕有关的激素可以使一些女性易患牙龈问题，包括：
牙龈炎（牙龈发炎） - 这是更可能发生在孕中期（3-6月）。症状包括牙龈肿胀，出血，特别是在刷牙和用牙线时。
未确诊或治疗牙周疾病 - 怀孕可能会加剧这种慢性牙龈感染，牙龈疾病是由未经治疗的牙龈炎引起，可导致牙齿脱落。Undiagnosed or untreated periodontal disease – pregnancy may exacerbate this chronic gum infection, which is caused by untreated gingivitis and can lead to tooth loss.
这可以表现为牙龈肿胀肿大，也称之为妊娠性牙龈瘤，宝宝出生后可能会消退。（注：如果不消退的话，需要手术去除。）
在怀孕期间，牙龈出现的问题不是由于菌斑的增加，而是由于母亲体内激素水平的增加而导致对菌斑的加重反映。 an exacerbated response to plaque as a consequence of the increased hormone levels.
告诉你的牙医所有关于牙龈的问题。换用较软的牙刷，（注：超市里的牙刷包装上标明：Soft）并定期刷牙，每天至少两次（注，早上是早餐后刷牙，原因和洗澡是在运动后而不是运动前是一样的，那些起床刷牙的牙膏广告误导害了不少人啊）。使用含氟牙膏，（如果现在你没有用含氟牙膏的话），以帮助加强你的牙齿抵抗蛀牙。
During pregnancy, the gum problems that occur are not due to increased plaque but an exacerbated response to plaque as a consequence of the increased hormone levels.
Tell your dentist about any gum problems that you might have. Switch to a softer toothbrush and brush your teeth regularly, at least twice every day. Use toothpaste that contains fluoride (if you’re not already) to help strengthen your teeth against decay.
如果在怀孕期间曾有有牙龈问题，那么，重要的是在生完孩子后，去牙医那里检查牙龈。虽然出生后，大多数的受孕激素引起的牙龈问题会消退，但少数妇女牙龈疾病会发展到更深的水平，需要治疗来解决。
If you had gum problems during pregnancy, it is important to get your gums checked by a dentist after you have given birth. While most types of gum problems caused by pregnancy hormones resolve after birth, a small number of women may have developed a deeper level of gum disease that will need treatment to resolve.
呕吐
受孕激素影响，胃部贲门的
肌肉环变软了，不能有效关住胃里面的食物。胃反酸（regurgitating食物或饮料），或者早上恶心而来的呕吐会带来强烈的胃酸。反复胃反酸，呕吐，可能会损坏牙齿釉质（珐琅质），增加蛀牙的风险。
呕吐后不要马上刷牙。当胃酸覆盖牙齿时，用力刷牙会磨损牙齿釉质（珐琅质）。
用普通自来水彻底漱口。
接着用含氟漱口水漱口。
如果你没有含氟漱口水，把你的手指把含氟牙膏涂到牙齿上。（几分钟后）用清水彻底漱口。
至少在呕吐后一个小时刷牙。
Suggestions include:
- Don’t brush your teeth immediately after vomiting. While the teeth are covered in stomach acids, the vigorous action of the toothbrush may scratch the tooth enamel.
- Rinse your mouth thoroughly with plain tap water.
- Follow up with a fluoridated mouthwash.
- If you don’t have a fluoridated mouthwash, put a dab of fluoridated toothpaste on your finger and smear it over your teeth. Rinse thoroughly with water.
- Brush your teeth at least an hour after vomiting.
刷牙时干呕
有的孕妇发现，刷牙，尤其是磨牙（后牙），会引起干呕。然而，如果你不经常刷牙又可能会蛀牙。
建议：
用小头牙刷刷牙，例如儿童或幼儿用的牙刷。
花多些时间，（不要急），减慢刷牙。
闭上眼睛，集中注意力在呼吸上，可能有帮助。
尝试其他的可以分神的事，如听音乐。
如果牙膏的味道，可能引起干呕反射，换其他牌子的牙膏（或其他味道的牙膏）。另一种方法是，用水刷牙然后用含氟漱口水（漱口）。如果不呕吐了，尽快再使用含氟牙膏刷牙。
Retching while brushing teeth
Some pregnant women find that brushing their teeth, particularly the molars, provokes retching. However, you risk tooth decay if you don’t brush regularly. Suggestions include:
Use a brush with a small head, such as a brush made for toddlers.
Take your time. Slow down your brushing action.
It may help to close your eyes and concentrate on your breathing.
Try other distractions, such as listening to music.
If the taste of the toothpaste seems to provoke your gag reflex, switch to another brand. Alternatively, brush your teeth with water and follow up with a fluoridated mouthwash. Go back to brushing with fluoridated toothpaste as soon as you can.
很想吃东西
因为怀孕，有些女性怀孕时会经历不寻常的很想吃东西（和食品反感）。经常性的想吃含糖零食可能会增加蛀牙的风险。可以试试含糖量少的食物。如果你只有吃含糖食物才能满足，那么有时选择健康些的选择，如新鲜水果。在吃完含糖零食后，用水或牛奶漱口，或刷牙。
Food cravings
Some women experience unusual food cravings (and food aversions) while they are pregnant. A regular desire for sugary snacks may increase your risk of tooth decay. Try to snack on low sugar foods instead. If nothing but sweetness will satisfy your craving, try to sometimes choose healthier options such as fresh fruits. Rinse your mouth with water or milk or brush your teeth after having sugary snacks.
增加钙摄入量
你需要增加在怀孕期间每天的钙摄入。充足的钙会保护你的骨量和满足您的发育中的胎儿的营养需要。膳食中良好钙的来源包括低脂肪产品，如：
牛奶
奶酪
酸奶
加钙豆浆。
Increase your intake of calcium
You need to increase your daily intake of calcium during pregnancy. Sufficient calcium will protect your bone mass and meet the nutritional needs of your developing baby. Good sources of dietary calcium include low fat versions of products such as:
- Milk
- Cheese
- Yoghurt
- Calcium-fortified soymilk.
增加您的维生素D摄入量
维生素D能帮助人体利用钙。良好维生素D来源包括：
奶酪
强化人造奶油（具体请咨询你的医生，华人亚裔一般吃的少。）
富含脂肪的鱼类，如鲑鱼
鸡蛋。
Increase your intake of vitamin D
Vitamin D helps the body to utilise calcium. Good sources include:
- Cheese
- Fortified margarine
- Fatty fish, such as salmon
- Eggs.
去哪里寻求帮助？
你的牙医，你的医生，产科医生，澳洲牙科协会，维洲分部 Tel. (03) 8825-4600
Where to get help
需要记住的事情
怀孕的需求可能导致一些妇女有牙科问题。
估计数字显示，大约每100名早产儿中有18个是因为牙周疾病引发的，牙周疾病是一种牙龈的慢性感染。
如果你已经有了良好的口腔卫生习惯，那你不太可能在怀孕期间出现牙科问题，。
Things to remember
- The demands of pregnancy can lead to particular dental problems in some women.
- Estimates suggest that about 18 out of every 100 premature births may be triggered by periodontal disease, which is a chronic infection of the gums.
- You are less likely to have dental problems during pregnancy if you already have good oral hygiene habits.
